Anglo-American Influence on the Teaching of the Natural Sciences in Primary Schools of 19th - Century Brazil

In the 19th century there was a transnational movement of educational ideas from Europe and the United States to Brazil. This paper discusses the Anglo-American perspective on the teaching of the natural sciences and its effect on science education in the Brazilian primary school. It begins by examining the ideas on the teaching of science by distinguished British and American scientists and the science curricula of schools in Europe and the Americas. The paper then focuses on the final quarter century and the 1878 reform of primary education of the Minister of the Empire Leôncio da Carvalho and the ideas of the great Brazilian parliamentarian and anglophile Rui Barbosa. A discussion follows of the translation and adoption in Brazil of Norman Calkin\u27s Primary Object Lessons (1870) and the British textbooks series titled Science Primers (1880s and 1890s) as a response to the reform. Attached is a PowerPoint presentation

Rui Barbosa and the Argument for Teaching the Natural Sciences in the Brazilian Primary School of the XIX Century

The paper discusses the ideas of Rui Barbosa on the importance of teaching science in the primary schools of nineteenth-century Brazil. Barbosa was one of the great parliamentarians of his time and one of Brazil’s most vocal advocates of educational reform in the nineteenth century. In 1882, Barbosa was directed to provide a written assessment of the1878 educational reform of Minister Leonçio de Carvalho. In the document that resulted, Barbosa states his rationale for why and how the natural sciences should be taught in the primary school. This paper relates Barbosa’s ideas on science teaching and argues that he was influenced by the methodology proposed in Norman Calkin\u27s book, Primary Object Lessons

The Official Reform of Law Teaching in Brazil

Reforma oficial foi processada no ensino jurídico no Brasil, de que são abordados os aspectos mais relevantes, a saber, o da necessidade de conjugação entre teoria e prática; ou da execução da parte prática com a participação dos alunos e o da exigência de apresentação de tese de láurea para conclusão do curso.Law teaching system in Brazil has gone through an official reform, whose most relevant aspects are analyzed here, namely the need for the interconnection of theory and practice, the participation of the pupils in the practical studies and the demand of the presentation of a final thesis for the course to be finished

Expansion without equity: an analysis of current policy on access to higher education in Brazil

Access to higher education in Brazil is to a large extent restricted to the higher socioeconomic groups. Public universities have limited places and entry is determined by highly competitive exams, thereby excluding those who have not had a high quality secondary education or attended an expensive preparatory course. There has been considerable growth in the private sector to absorb the excess demand, but the majority of Brazilians cannot afford the fees. This paper develops a concept of equity in higher education in which, firstly, there should be sufficient places in the system as a whole and, secondly, all people should have a fair opportunity of attending the university of their choice regardless of socioeconomic background. Recent efforts to expand access are analyzed, including incentives for the growth of private universities, student loans and the new Prouni initiative, in which private institutions provide free places to low-income students in return for tax exemptions. While these initiatives have the potential to increase the total number of places, they will not lead to an equitable expansion, as disadvantaged students will still be confined to courses of lower quality or with lower subsequent value on the employment market. Initiatives aimed at the public sector such as the introduction of quotas and changes to entry examinations are also discussed. Finally, some implications for future policy development are outlined

The textbook of arithmetics and 1911 public education reform in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Disponível em: http://www.sbem.com.br/ojs/index.php/ripem/article/view/47/38In Brazil, the reformation of the educational systems developed after the republic proclamation, were influenced by the republican conception of modernization and nationalization. In the state of Santa Catarina, the 1911 Public Educational Reformation was effectuated following such conceptions as parameters, establishing a different educational system from the one applied so far. Starting with the primary teacher training, and the intuitive method as the cournerstone of the reform and control of textbooks and teaching materials used in schools, reformers have institutionalized their ideas. This article aims to analyze how structured the teaching of mathematics in the context of this reform, mainly related to the adoption of textbooks for teaching arithmetics, by analyzing a document submitted to the government of the state of Santa Catarina during the 1911 Public Educational Reformation, entitled “Opinion on the adoption of textbooks”. Seen as responsible for influencing teachers and students, textbooks were controlled and regulated as part of the reformation. The study of this document shows the problematic issues lived at that time, as well as collaborates with the writing of the History of Mathematics Education in primary levels in the State of Santa Catarina, specifically during this period

Vocational secondary schooling, occupational choice, and earnings in Brazil

Empirical studies on the efficacy of vocational education, mainly in developing countries - a literature now comprising dozens of evaluation studies - have been fairly unanimous in recording a negative verdict on the costs and benefits of vocational secondary education, particularly compared with traditional academic school. The authors, in this study set in Brazil, reach a different conclusion. Like a number of recent evaluation studies (for Hong Kong, Israel, and the United States), this one challenges the established orthodoxy by reporting findings far more supportive of vocational schooling. Unlike traditional approaches, it focuses on the relationship between field of vocational study and subsequent occupation. The authors report that students who complete vocational school and work in related fields have significant earnings advantages over students who do not work in fields related to what they studied and over students who complete academic school.Education Reform and Management,Primary Education,Gender and Education,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Teaching and Learning

Educational Policies for Integrating College Competencies and Workforce Needs

Explores the challenges of workforce development for a global economy in Brazil, Mongolia, Ukraine, and the United States, with a focus on basic skills development, internships, and the role of stakeholders. Recommends policy and curriculum changes

The Accidental President of Brazil: An Interview with Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Latin American Studie

Solidarity and Social Justice in Promoting Mental Health and Wellness among Impoverished People: Looking from Mercy and Liberation

This paper reflects on issues of justice and mental health from a theological approach that intends to show an ethics of social responsibility and caring ground on a new social Samaritan paradigm. It has the Brazilian context of public health as the starting point for its analysis and an example to support a theological perspective that stresses the crucial importance of a community-based approach able to integrate patient, family, ecclesial community, and society in order to shape public policies that respond to mental health demands and challenges. In addition, this paper suggests an ethics of personal, communal, and social responsibility to avoid marginalization of the mentally ill and enable them to live a healthy sociability according to their limitation and vulnerability. It urges for an ecclesial role in pastoral care for these people and public advocacy for their rights. It shows the Brazilian experience of Pastoral Healthcare in caring for the mentally ill and in advocating for their dignity and rights by its organization in three dimensions: caring – communitarian – sociopolitical